The volume of any solid, liquid, gas, plasma, or vacuum is how much three-dimensional space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space. Volume is commonly presented in units such as cubic meters, cubic centimeters, liters, or milliliters.
Volumes of some simple shapes, such as regular, straight-edged, and circular shapes can be easily calculated using arithmetic formulas. More complicated shapes can be calculated by integral calculus if a formula exists for its boundary. The volume of any shape can be determined by displacement.
In differential geometry, volume is expressed by means of the volume form, and is an important global Riemannian invariant.
Volume is a fundamental parameter in thermodynamics and it is conjugate to pressure.
| Conjugate variables of thermodynamics | |
|---|---|
| Pressure | Volume |
| (Stress) | (Strain) |
| Temperature | Entropy |
| Chem. potential | Particle no. |
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