Stems can refer to two things in music, relating to music notation and production.
Notation
Parts of the noteStems are the lines which extend from the notehead. Stems may point up or down. Different-facing stems indicate the voice for polyphonic music written on the same staff. For single-note melodies, the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher, and up for those below. If the stem points up from a notehead, the stem originates from the right-hand side of the note, but if it points down, it originates from the left. The exception to this rule is when a chord contains a second, in which case the stem runs between the two notes, the higher being placed on the left of the stem and the lower on the right. The length of a stem is usually that of an octave on the staff, going to either an octave higher or lower than the notehead, depending on which way the stem is pointing.
Production
See also: List of musical works released in a stem formatStems are the individual components of a mix, separately saved (usually to disc) for the purposes of use in a remix. Related stems are typically bounced from the same origination location (i.e. "zero").[citation needed]
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